{"id":43163,"date":"2019-09-20T07:54:22","date_gmt":"2019-09-20T06:54:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/?p=43163"},"modified":"2019-09-22T09:02:37","modified_gmt":"2019-09-22T08:02:37","slug":"archive-2560","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/archive-2560\/","title":{"rendered":"Archive 2560"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
INTRODUCTORY
\nESSAY:<\/strong>
\n\u201cRelease the Stars\u201d<\/td>\n		PART 1 ESSAY:<\/strong>
\n\u201cSelected Translations and Commentaries\u201d<\/td>\n		PART 2 ESSAY:<\/strong>
\n\u201cReception of the Timaeus <\/em>in Renaissance Science\u201d<\/td>\n		PART 2 LABELS:<\/strong>
\n\u201cReception of the Timaeus<\/em> in Renaissance Science\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Plato’s Timaeus<\/em>: Selected Translations and Commentaries in the West: Labels & Images<\/strong><\/p>\n

by Angela Zielinski-Kinney<\/p>\n

(Click on images or other links for detailed views)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cicero. Works (Venice, 1534-37)<\/u><\/strong>\n

    Quartus Tomus in quo Marci Tullii Ciceronis Opera Philosophica, nuper ad fidem vetustissimorum exemplarium diligentissime recognita, quorum catalogum sequens indicabit pagina.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    This book is the fourth volume in an edition of Cicero\u2019s works published at Venice by Luca Antonius Junta between 1534 and 1537.\u00a0 This particular volume was printed in 1536 and contains some of Cicero\u2019s philosophic texts.\u00a0 The pages displayed show the beginning of his partial translation of Plato\u2019s Timaeus<\/em>.\u00a0 The portion shown includes the preface, in which Cicero links Platonic doctrines with Nigidius Figulus (98-45 B.C.E) and Roman Pythagorianism; the translation follows, beginning with Timaeus\u2019 opening questions and explanation thereof: \u201cWhat is that which always is and has no becoming, and what is that which becomes but never is?\u201d\u00a0 The translation ends at Timaeus<\/em> 47b, with the discussion regarding the purpose of eyesight and its crucial role in philosophy.\u00a0 Cicero\u2019s translation was read by a number of well-known late antique scholars and had great influence on subsequent translations of the Timaeus<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Call number: IUQ00719 v.4, p. 525.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      <\/u> Plato. Timaeus (Leiden, 1617)<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Chalcidii V. C. Timaeus De Platonis Translatus.\u00a0 Item Eiusdem in eundem Commentarius.\u00a0 Iohannes Meursius Recensuit, denu\u00f2 edidit, et Notas addidit.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n<\/em>
      \nThis volume contains a seventeenth-century edition of the Latin translation and commentary on the Timaeus<\/em> originally produced by Calcidius in the fourth century.\u00a0 Calcidius\u2019 translation, which ends at Timaeus<\/em> 53c, is more complete than the one produced by Cicero.\u00a0 The medieval reception of Plato relied heavily upon Calcidius\u2019 translation and commentary, which employed material from Middle and Neoplatonic sources to interpret the Timaeus<\/em>.\u00a0 Calcidius\u2019 work was studied widely throughout the Middle Ages and kindled a long tradition of glosses on the Timaeus.\u00a0 <\/em>Critics note that Calcidean concepts soon became intermingled with Platonic doctrines.\u00a0 The displayed copy of Calcidius\u2019 text was edited by the Dutch scholar Johannes Meursius (1579-1639), who provided additional notes in Greek and Latin on the translation. He also compiled the accompanying index of Platonic words and topics.\u00a0 The volume was printed in Leiden by Justus \u00e0 Colster in 1617.\u00a0 The pages shown are from Calcidius\u2019 commentary on the Timaeus<\/em>, in particular from the section treating the motions of the stars. <\/p>\n

      <\/u>Call number: 881 P5ti.Lc 1617, p. 176-177. <\/p>\n

      <\/u><\/li>\n

    2. Plato. Timaeus (Paris, 1536)<\/u><\/strong>
      \n<\/u>
      \nTimaeus vel de Natura divini Platonis, Marsilio Ficino interprete: per Franciscum Zampinum recognita.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      This volume contains Marsilio Ficino\u2019s Latin translation of the Timaeus<\/em>, edited by Francisco Zampino.\u00a0 The text was printed in Paris by Prigent Calvarin in 1536 (a reprint of the original 1527 edition) and later bound together with four other texts published between 1532 and 1557 by various printers.\u00a0 These texts include the following works: Alcinous\u2019 Philosophi ad Platonis Dogmata Introductio <\/em>and Philosophi Platonici de Doctrina Platonis Liber<\/em>, Speusippus\u2019 Platonis Discipuli Liber de Platonis Definitionibus<\/em>, Xenocrates\u2019 Philosophi Platonici Liber de Morte<\/em>, Marsilio Ficino\u2019s translation of Plato\u2019s Phaedo<\/em>, Demetrius Phalereus\u2019 De Elocutione Liber<\/em>, and the Opuscula<\/em> of Dionysius of Halicarnassus.\u00a0 In order to bind the Timaeus<\/em> with these other texts, the pages had to be cut down to a uniform size.\u00a0 This process caused the truncation of certain marginal notes written prior to the rebinding. These notes reference other commentators on the Timaeus,<\/em> including Cicero, Proclus, and Calcidius. The pages displayed translate a passage from the beginning of the Timaeus<\/em> in which Critias concludes Solon\u2019s story and Timaeus begins his cosmological speech.<\/p>\n

      Call number: IUA00156, p. 8v-9r.<\/li>\n

    3. Plato. Works (Basel, 1534)<\/u><\/strong>\n

      Platonis Omnia Opera Cum Commentariis Procli in Timaeum & Politica, thesauro veteris Philosophiae maximo.<\/em><\/strong>
      \n<\/em>
      \nThis volume contains the second Greek edition of the Platonic corpus, edited by Johannes Oporinus and Simon Grynaeus; the text is based upon the Aldine edition of 1513.\u00a0 The book was printed at Basel by Joannes Valderum in March 1534.\u00a0 In addition to the text of Platonic works, the edition contains commentaries by Proclus on the Timaeus<\/em> and the Republic.<\/em>\u00a0 Notes in Latin, Greek, and French have been written throughout the volume.\u00a0 These notes often comment upon different readings of the text, citing sources including Cicero, Calcidius, and Proclus; printing errors are also pointed out and corrected*.\u00a0 The pages displayed are from the section of the Timaeus<\/em> in which the composition of the world\u2019s body and soul is described.\u00a0 The chart on the right page relates to Proclus\u2019 commentary on the Timaeus <\/em>35b-36b, where Plato states that the Demiurge created harmonious divisions of the world soul.\u00a0 Conforming to Pythagorean numerology, Plato\u2019s conception of harmony, music, and geometry depended upon integer multiples and divisions:
      \n2 x 1 = 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 x 2 = 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 x 4 = 8
      \n3 x 1 = 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 x 3 = 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 x 9 = 27
      \nThese integer relationships form musical intervals.
      \n2:1 = octave
      \n3:1 = double octave
      \n3:2 = fifth
      \nAncient Greek studies in acoustics produced mathematical arrangements of proportions in order to establish their scale.\u00a0 The chart in this edition uses an alphanumeric system (?=1, ?=2, ?=20, ?=100, etc.), as seen below:<\/p>\n

      Thus, the proportions represented in the second horizontal line are:
      \n432:384 = 9:8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wholetone)
      \n486:432 = 9:8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wholetone)
      \n512:486 = 256:243\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (leimma<\/em>, i.e. halftone)
      \n576:512 = 9:8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wholetone)
      \n648:576 = 9:8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wholetone)
      \n729:648 = 9:8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (wholetone)
      \nThese intervals form a musical scale.\u00a0 The subsequent lines in the chart give similar proportions in greater multiples.<\/p>\n

      *For further examples of such marginalia, refer to images of the title page and page 492.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      We credit Professor Jon Solomon for the translation of the chart for no. 4, and for his help in writing this description.<\/em><\/p>\n

      <\/u>Call number: Q. 881 P5 1534, p. 479. <\/p>\n

      <\/u><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Plato. Works (Geneva? 1578)<\/strong>\n

        Platonis, Augustissimi Philosophi, omnium quae extant operum.\u00a0 Tomus Tertius.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        <\/em>This edition of the Timaeus<\/em> contains the translation and notes of Jean de Serres (1540-1598), a Calvinist Huguenot who sought to extirpate Neoplatonic elements from translation and commentary on Platonic works.\u00a0 Serres\u2019 aim was to perceive the doctrine of Plato through study of the original texts. His work was published in 1578 by fellow Huguenot Henri II Estienne (1528\/1531-1598) and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth I. \u00a0The famous reference system known as \u201cStephanus pagination\u201d was based upon the numbering in this edition of the Platonic corpus.\u00a0 The Latin translation of each Platonic dialogue is set alongside an edition of the original Greek text.\u00a0 Marginal notes give references to other philosophical texts, such as Cicero.\u00a0 Notably, Serres\u2019 explanations do not refer to popular Neoplatonic commentaries such as those by Calcidius and Proclus.\u00a0 The pages displayed correspond to the section of the Timaeus<\/em> in which the composition and other characteristics of the world\u2019s body are described.<\/p>\n

        Call number: Q. 881 P5 1578 v.3 cop.2, p. 32-33.<\/li>\n

      2. Plato. Works (Florence, 1484)<\/u><\/strong>\n

        Plato Ficini.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        This volume, printed in 1484 in Florence, contains the Platonis Opera Omnia<\/em> of Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) \u2013 the leading Plato scholar of the 15th century, head of the Platonic Academy in Florence, and first translator of Plato\u2019s complete extant works into Latin.\u00a0 The translation of the Timaeus <\/em>is prefaced by Ficino\u2019s commentary on the work, titled Compendium in Timeum<\/em>.\u00a0 It is possible that Ficino chose to publish in 1484 because of its astrological significance \u2013 the conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter (which he mentions in the argument to one of Plato\u2019s Letters<\/em>) was supposed to herald great changes in Christianity.\u00a0 The pages displayed translate the portion of the Timaeus<\/em> in which the lesser gods are created and proceed to create human beings.\u00a0 These pages also bear traces of a later reader.\u00a0 S\/he has marked the second column of the left page with marginal lines and an abbreviation meaning Nota bene<\/em> (\u201cmark well\u201d).\u00a0 The right page includes several corrections written in the text.\u00a0 At the top of the right page, the emender has written a testimony to conscientious reading:
        \nDoctus lector errores vitabit<\/em> (\u201cThe learned reader will shun errors\u201d).<\/p>\n

        Call number: Incunabula Q. 881 P5.Lf 1484 v.2, copy 2, leaves 2<\/sup>[et]6v,2<\/sup>[et]7r.<\/li>\n

      3. Plato. Works (Venice, 1571)<\/u><\/strong>\n

        Omnia D. Platonis Opera Tralatione Marsilii Ficini, et ad Graecum codicem accurata castigatione.<\/em><\/strong>
        \n<\/em>
        \nJacobus Tapia Aldana edited and corrected this edition of Marsilio Ficino\u2019s Platonis Opera Omnia<\/em>.\u00a0 The volume, which includes a detailed index, was printed at Venice by Hieronymus Scotus in 1571. The pages displayed correspond to the Timaeus<\/em> passage29d-38e.\u00a0 Subjects covered in this section include the reason for the creation of the world, the composition of the world\u2019s body and soul, the union of the world\u2019s soul with its body, and the creation of time.\u00a0 Brief topical captions have been written in the margins of the text.<\/p>\n

        Call number: Q. 881 P5.Lf 1571, p. 406-407.<\/li>\n

      4. Plato. Works (Geneva, 1592)<\/u><\/strong>\n

        Divini Platonis Operum Omnium Quae Extant, Ex Latina Marsilii Ficini versione nunc mult\u00f2 accuratius qu\u00e0m antea cum Graeco contextu collata, & qu\u00e0m plurimis locis emendata, Tomus Tertius.<\/em><\/strong>
        \n<\/em>
        \nThis diminutive codex contains a portion of Marsilio Ficino\u2019s Platonis Opera Omnia<\/em>.\u00a0 Simon Grynaeus (1493-1541), an anonymous Lyonnaise editor, and Estienne Tremblay (1556-1597) have all revised the text appearing in this edition.\u00a0 Jacobus Stoer printed this three-volume edition of Ficino\u2019s text at Geneva in 1592.\u00a0 The volumes are small enough to be used as portable reading material.\u00a0 Marginal notes of two sorts are found in this translation.\u00a0 Notes in normal type give different readings or translations of the text along with the scholar from whom these readings stem; scholars cited include Cicero and Proclus.\u00a0 Notes in italics are topical headings or interpretations of the text.\u00a0 The pages displayed translate the Timaeus<\/em> passage in which the periods of heavenly bodies and the completion of the Perfect Year are described, as well as the creation of stars and gods.<\/p>\n

        <\/u>Call number: 881 P5.Lf 1592 v.3, p. 544-545.<\/li>\n

      5. Plato. Timaeus (Plato, 1582)<\/u><\/strong>\n

        Le Timee de Platon: Traittant de la Nature du monde, & de l\u2019homme, & de ce qui concerne universellement tant l\u2019ame, que le corps des deux: translat\u00e9 de Grec en Fran\u00e7ais, avec l\u2019exposition des lieux plus obscurs & difficiles.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        This translation and commentary on the Timaeus<\/em> by the humanist Loys le Roy (1510?-1577) contains the first known translation of the dialogue from Greek into French.\u00a0 The volume belongs to the second printing of Le Roy\u2019s translation, produced in Paris by Abel l\u2019Angelier in 1582 (click here to see the title page).\u00a0 It also contains a French translation of Plutarch\u2019s treatise on the creation of the soul., an event which Plato describes in the Timaeus<\/em>.\u00a0 The text is divided into four parts, although the precise point of division between the third and fourth parts is uncertain.\u00a0 Marginal numbers, such as the \u20184\u2019 printed on the left page displayed, direct the reader to endnotes printed after the section.\u00a0 Simple diagrams are printed occasionally throughout the work. \u00a0The Timaeus<\/em> passage shown treats bodily diseases, particularly how they arise and are propogated.\u00a0 The Greek note in the margin is a direct quotation from Timaeus <\/em>82e: ???? ??? ???????? ????, meaning \u201cwhenever flesh decomposes.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        (See also leaf 66r)<\/p>\n

        Call number: 881 P5ti.Fl 1582, p. 126v.<\/p>\n

        The Rare Book & Manuscript Library
        \nThe University of Illinois Library<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        INTRODUCTORY ESSAY: \u201cRelease the Stars\u201d PART 1 ESSAY: \u201cSelected Translations and Commentaries\u201d PART 2 ESSAY: \u201cReception of the Timaeus in Renaissance Science\u201d PART 2 LABELS: \u201cReception of the Timaeus in Renaissance Science\u201d   Plato’s Timaeus: Selected Translations and Commentaries in the West: Labels & Images by Angela Zielinski-Kinney (Click on images or other links for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5322],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43163"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43163\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}