{"id":4509,"date":"2010-07-07T14:03:56","date_gmt":"2010-07-07T14:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/?p=4509"},"modified":"2025-10-24T08:25:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T07:25:39","slug":"sumeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/sumeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Sumerians"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sumeria <\/strong>was one of the earliest civilisations emerging between the 6th and 5th millennia BC and was situated in what is now central Iraq<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

It was unknown in Europe until the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century. With the discovery and the decipherment of the Sumerian cuneiform tablets the sophistication of their culture prompted the idea that Sumer had been \u2018the cradle of civilisation.\u2019 Subsequent discoveries, such as those in the Indus Valley and more recently\u00a0 G\u00f6bekli Tepe <\/a>have now somewhat diluted that idea.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nevertheless, there is an acceptance that the Sumerians were very advanced in the field of mathematics and astronomy. The late Ernest McClain<\/a>, a professor of music, was convinced that music theory could be traced back to the Sumerians as early as 3000 BC.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The origin of the Sumerians is still something of a mystery as is their language which seems to be an ‘isolate’, unrelated to any known language group(q)<\/sup>. The Flem-Aths<\/a> in an Atlantis Rising<\/em> article (Issue 95) and Atlantis Beneath the Ice <\/em>[981<\/a>.70]<\/sup> claimed a cultural and genetic linkage between the Sumerians and the Haida of northwest America. The Flem-Aths also noted [062<\/a>.54]<\/sup> that some have linked the languages of the two peoples!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ronnie Gallagher<\/a> has suggested that migrants from the Caucasus had provided the impetus that led to the development of the Sumerian civilisation. Gallagher’s theory is supported by Jerald Jack Starr on his Sumerian Shakespeare<\/em> website, who emphatically attributes a Caucasian origin to the Sumerians(l)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Emilio Spedicato<\/a> has controversially suggested that the Sumerians came from the Tibetan region!(m) <\/sup>Equally provocative were the views of Catherine Acholonu-Olumba<\/a>, who as the author of Eden in Sumer on the Niger<\/em> [<\/sup>1833<\/a>]<\/sup>, <\/strong>claimed that her book, “<\/em>provides multidisciplinary evidence of the actual geographical location in West Africa of the Garden of Eden, Atlantis and the original homeland of the Sumerian people before their migration to the “Middle East”. By translating hitherto unknown pre-cuneiform inscriptions of the Sumerians, Catherine Acholonu and Sidney Davis have uncovered thousands of years of Africa’s lost pre-history and evidences of the West African origins of the earliest Pharaohs and Kings of Egypt and Sumer such as Menes and Sargon the Great.”<\/em>(p)<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"AncientSumeria2\"<\/a>Sumeria has now been proposed as a possible source of the Atlantis story. Dr Ashok Malhotra<\/a>, a professor of Engineering, has suggested(<\/sup>a<\/sup>)<\/sup> that that \u2018the likelihood of the Atlantis stories being of Sumerian origin is strengthened by the fact that the submergence of ancient cities<\/a> was a strong part of the Sumerian mythology. It dominates their historical tradition. The destruction of the ancient city as a result of sin was also part of their beliefs.\u2019 Malhotra then proposes that these Sumerian stories reflected actual flooding events in the Indus Valley<\/a> region that were brought first to Sumeria and then were later transferred to Egypt<\/a> and from thence via Solon to Plato to us.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

George Michanowsky<\/a> went much\u00a0further and claimed that the Sumerians had known Atlantis under the name of NI-DUK-KI, known today as Dilmun[<\/sup>282<\/sup><\/a>.66]<\/sup>. The renowned Henry Rawlinson interpreted this name to mean \u2018blessed hill\u2019 or \u2018blessed isle\u2019. While Michanowsky\u2019s suggestion is highly speculative, if correct, it would be the earliest known reference to Atlantis.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Sumerian king list(e) <\/sup>from Larsa records eight kings (some versions note ten) before the Deluge<\/a>, which may have been reflected, in a distorted fashion, in the ten patriarchs of Genesis<\/em><\/a> and\/or the ten kings of Atlantis<\/a>! Another suggested link is with the eight generations between Adam and Noah recorded in Genesis chapter\u00a05.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

John Sassoon would seem to support Malhotra\u2019s thesis in his book[<\/sup>566<\/sup><\/a>]<\/sup>, which proposes a Sumerian origin for the Jews with possible earlier links with the Indus Valley. He is not concerned with Atlantis, just the ancestry of the Jewish people of whom Abraham was born in Sumeria around 2000-1800 BC. Sassoon\u2019s views offer a possible transmission route for Eastern traditions and myths to have reached Egypt and subsequently through Solon<\/a> to Athens.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

More recently, Dr Willem McLoud, a South African researcher, commented that “w<\/em>e have good reason to think that Atlantis was not located beyond the pillars of Heracles in the Atlantic Ocean, as is so often propagated, but that it was actually none other than the ancient land of Sumer itself.”<\/em> Mcloud is primarily concerned with the Sumerians\u00a0<\/em>and Akkadians, which he will expand on in a forthcoming book(n)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In 2001, a book by Radek Brychta<\/a> was published in the Czech Republic\u00a0in which he\u00a0also advocates a Sumerian connection. He identifies Atlantis with the legendary Dilmun<\/a> of Sumerian legend and locates it on the Indus civilisation\u00a0island of Dholavira<\/a>. Excerpts from this fascinating book are available on the Internet and are worth a read.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

However, the most extreme claims came from Zechariah Sitchin<\/a> who proposed that the Sumerians had been \u2018influenced\u2019 by ancient astronauts from the planet Nibiru<\/a>, which information is to be found in their cuneiform tablets if <\/em><\/strong>Sitchin\u2019s translation is to be believed. Similar daft ideas(g)<\/sup><\/span> have been put forward by Hermann Burgard[<\/sup>1316<\/sup><\/a>] <\/sup>but so far have only been foisted on a German-reading public.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As if that was not bad enough, we now (Oct 2016)\u00a0have the Iraqi Transport Minister claiming, among other matters, that the Sumerians launched spaceships 8,000 years ago(h)<\/span><\/sup>!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Sumerian texts also crop up in the wild theories of Dieter Bremer<\/a>[<\/sup>1022<\/sup><\/a>]<\/sup> and Jakob Vorberger, who claim that Atlantis was a space station(I)<\/sup><\/span>!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jim Allen<\/a>, the leading advocate of \u2018Atlantis in the Andes\u2019 has also claimed(b)<\/sup>\u00a0a Sumerian connection with South America citing\u00a0\u00a0Ruth & Alpheus Hyatt\u00a0Verrill, who include in their book[838<\/a>.293]<\/sup> three pages of Sumerian words compared with the language of ancient Peru as well as other cultural aspects there. They also believed that Sargon (2369-2314 BC) was known in Peru as the deity Viracocha! Their fanciful idea stems from an account of Sargon sailing to the West and spending three years there! \u00a0<\/span>Zhirov<\/a> supported this claim[<\/sup>458<\/a>.23]<\/sup> describing it as ”a seemingly semi-fantastic theory”. My reason for considering this claim to be\u00a0nonsensical, is simply that Sargon was continually engaged in expanding his empire and <\/em><\/strong>constantly dealing with rebellions in the various city-states that he ruled over. The idea that he took three years out to visit America, 14,000 km away, is in no way credible.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nevertheless, the idea of Sargon in South America persists with James Bailey<\/a> repeating it in Sailing to Paradise<\/em>[<\/sup>0150<\/a>.66]<\/sup> and more recently by the Afrocentrist, Clyde Winters <\/a>in an article on the Ancient Origins<\/em> website(f)<\/sup> in which he quotes Bailey and the Verrills as supporting Lake Titicaca<\/a> as the Lake Manu of Sumerian tradition. A further article(j)<\/sup> on the same website begins with the forceful claim that “<\/em>i<\/em>t is becoming increasingly clear that the Sumerians had established a colony in South America called Kuga-Ki.”<\/em> The paper is based on a series of questionable artefacts, the Fuente Magna Bowl<\/a>, the Crespi Collection<\/a> and the Pokoyia monument!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Fuente Magna Bowl <\/em>is frequently offered as evidence of a pre-Columbian link with the Sumerians in America(c)<\/sup>, although its provenance is unclear and there are the inevitable suggestions of a hoax. A sceptical view of the ‘Bowl’ by Carl Feagans(k)<\/sup> is available.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Michel Leygues has published two papers in which he offers evidence that the Sumerian and Akkadian languages can be identified in the languages of many of the native America peoples including the Hopi<\/a>, Navajo and Incas<\/a>(s)(t)<\/sup>.\u00a0Leygues also “presents the hypothesis that a kinship exists between Yamato Kotoba ideographic values, and Sumerian and Akkadian values. This despite a great geographical distance between Mesopotamia and Japan, and at different historical periods of language use.\u00a0“(u)<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Other commentators have suggested that the Sumerians reached Spain. Dr Paul Haupt (1858-1926}, an early Assyriologist proposed that the ‘two rivers’ in the story of Utnapishtim, a Noachian equivalent, were the Guadalquivir and Guadiana of Andalusia(r)<\/sup>. Mario Mas Fenollar is a modern advocate for Sumerians in Spain.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The very existence of Sumerians has recently been attacked in an appendix to The Three Ages of Atlantis<\/em>[972<\/a>]<\/sup> by Marin, Minella & Schievenin<\/a>. They maintain that the Sumerian \u2018language\u2019 \u201ccould be an artificial construct created by Akkadian priests\u201d<\/em> to be used for liturgical purposes. These ideas were first expressed at the end of the 19th<\/sup> century by the respected Orientalist, Joseph Hal\u00e9vy. Andi Zeneli<\/a> has expressed comparable ideas(d) <\/sup>regarding the Sumerian language.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uwe Topper’s<\/a> son Ilya has also put forward the idea that the Sumerians did not exist(o<\/sup>)<\/sup>.\u00a0 His paper is a critique, originally in Spanish, of Gunnar Heinsohn’s Die Sumerer gab es nicht<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(a<\/sup>) <\/sup>In Search of Atlantis — Getting Closer (archive.org) <\/a>(new link)<\/p>\n

(b)<\/sup> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200704031245\/http:\/\/www.atlantisbolivia.org\/boliviaandthesumerianconnection.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

(c)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.freerepublic.com\/focus\/f-news\/1551445\/posts<\/a><\/p>\n

(d)<\/sup> https:\/\/sumeriantestament.blogspot.ie\/2012\/08\/what-is-sumerian.html<\/a><\/p>\n

(e)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/myths-legends-asia\/sumerian-king-list-still-puzzles-historians-after-more-century-research-001287<\/a><\/p>\n

(f)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/opinion-guest-authors\/was-bolivia-peru-sunset-land-sumerians-006708?nopaging=1<\/a><\/p>\n

(g)<\/span><\/sup> https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/Encheduanna-Offenbarungen-Oberfl%C3%A4chlich-Priesterf%C3%BCrstin-Originaltitel\/dp\/3943565033<\/a><\/p>\n

(h)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/news-mysterious-phenomena\/iraqi-transport-minister-announces-sumerians-launched-spaceships-7000-021011?utm_source=Ancient-Origins+Newsletter&utm_campaign=e99e2b8dea-Top_Trending_Stories_Oct_No2_REAL_10_10_2016&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_2dcd13de15-e99e2b8dea-85158329<\/a><\/p>\n

(i)<\/sup> Mesopotamische \u00dcberlieferungen | Atlantis Mythologie (archive.org)<\/a><\/p>\n

(j)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/artifacts-ancient-writings\/representation-sumerian-elites-detected-crespi-gold-tablets-009920<\/a><\/p>\n

(k)<\/sup> https:\/\/ahotcupofjoe.net\/2015\/03\/sumerians-in-bolivia-probably-not\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(l)<\/sup> https:\/\/sumerianshakespeare.com\/734501.html<\/a><\/p>\n

(m)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/6556879\/AA_MER_MERU_rel_2<\/a><\/p>\n

(n)\u00a0<\/sup>Chapter summary \u2013 WhisperingTales (archive.org)<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(o) <\/sup>Ghost Empires (ilya.it)<\/a><\/p>\n

(p)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/262069423_Eden_In_Sumer_On_The_Niger<\/a><\/p>\n

(q)<\/sup> The origin of the Sumerians and the great flood (archive.org)<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(r)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/pdf\/528616.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(s)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/sumer-akkad-and-the-languages-of-the-navajo-the-hopi-the-zuni-by-michel-leygues\/251002127<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(t)<\/sup> https:\/\/www.calameo.com\/read\/00653319080c5e11471c2<\/a><\/p>\n

(u)<\/sup> Sumer, Akkad and the Yamato Kotoba, by Michel Leygues | PDF (slideshare.net) (link broken)<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sumeria was one of the earliest civilisations emerging between the 6th and 5th millennia BC and was situated in what is now central Iraq.   It was unknown in Europe until the middle of the 19th century. With the discovery and the decipherment of the Sumerian cuneiform tablets the sophistication of their culture prompted the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1107,327,627,2010,252,159,764,1427,763,71,1109,721,1383,320,4466,1387,4928,527,2427,179,257,4929,1099,5818,178,1106,3072,762,3778,1101,3058,7913,7943,1191,107,19,276,5253,1084,1108,258,322,807,590,1662],"class_list":["post-4509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-a-hyatt-verrill","tag-andi-zeneli","tag-ashok-malhotra","tag-caucasus","tag-crespi-collection","tag-deluge","tag-dholavira","tag-dieter-bremer","tag-dilmun","tag-emilio-spedicato","tag-fuente-magna-bowl","tag-genesis","tag-george-michanowsky","tag-gobekli-tepe","tag-gunnar-heinsohn","tag-henry-rawlinson","tag-hermann-burgard","tag-hopi","tag-ilya-topper","tag-incas","tag-indus-valley","tag-jakob-vorberger","tag-james-bailey","tag-jerald-jack-starr","tag-jim-allen","tag-john-sassoon","tag-joseph-halevy","tag-kinglists","tag-kings-of-atlantis","tag-lake-titicaca","tag-marin-minella-schievenin","tag-michel-leygues","tag-navajo","tag-nibiru","tag-noah","tag-peru","tag-radek-brychta","tag-rand-and-rose-flem-ath","tag-ronnie-gallagher","tag-sargon","tag-sumeria","tag-tibet","tag-uwe-topper","tag-viracocha","tag-zechariah-sitchin"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4509"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64963,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4509\/revisions\/64963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}