Atlantis in the scientific literature
\nby Dr. Rainer W. K\u00fchne
\nThe subject of Atlantis is mainly known through
\npopular scientific, pseudo-scientific and esoteric
\nwritings (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esoterisch). This
\none-sided perception has often led to the view that
\ndealing with Atlantis is unscientific. However, there is
\nan extensive scientific literature on the subject. In this
\npost, I create an annotated list of scientific papers on
\nAtlantis.
\nThe best-known localizations of Atlantis have been
\ndiscussed in the scientific literature. Numerous authors
\nlocated Atlantis in the North Atlantic (http:\/\/de.wikipedi
\na.org\/wiki\/Nordatlantik) and dated its demise to the end
\nof the last ice age (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eiszeit)
\n[1]
\n. Several arguments seemed to support this view.
\nMitchell interpreted the newly discovered Mid-Atlantic
\nRidge (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mittelatlantischer_
\nR%C3%BCcken) as the remnant of a sunken mountain
\nrange [2]
\n. The volcanic rock tachylite (http:\/\/de.wikipedi
\na.org\/wiki\/Tachylit) found in the deep sea near the
\nAzores seemed to indicate sunken land, according to
\nTermier, as he assumed that tachylite could only form in
\nthe open air.
\n[3]
\n. Zoological and anthropological
\narguments were also put forward.
\nScharff pointed to the similarities of Central American and Southern European wildlife [4]
\n. The Marquis de
\nFolin took the view that both the Basques (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basken) and the mollusks (http:\/\/de.wik
\nipedia.org\/wiki\/Mollusken) native to the Pyrenees were alien to the rest of Europe and therefore immigrated
\nfrom a North Atlantic continent.[5]
\n. Verneau interpreted the indigenous people of the Canary Islands (http:\/\/de.
\nwikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanarische_Inseln), the Guanches, as Cro Magnon people (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cro
\n_Magnon_Mensch) who, in his opinion, came from Atlantis [6]
\n. Babcock finally interpreted legendary islands
\nlike Antilla as remnants of Atlantis [7]
\n. The localization of Atlantis in the North Atlantic is now considered to
\nbe refuted [sic!] because it has been shown that the bottom of the Atlantic is not only millennia old, but already
\nmillions of years old [8]
\n.
\nSeveral authors argued that Minoan Crete (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minoische_Kultur) was Atlantis [9]
\n.
\nMarinatos (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marinatos) suspected that the Atlantic culture refers to Minoan Crete,
\nits demise refers to the eruption of the volcano Thera-Santorini (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santorin) north of
\nCrete (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kreta) and the Atlantic War refers to the Sea Peoples (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.or
\ng\/wiki\/Seev%C3%B6lker) Wars [10]
\n. Galanopoulos held the similar view that the Minoan Thera was Atlantis,
\nthe volcanic eruption had caused the demise of Atlantis [11]
\n. According to a third view, Atlantis was identical to
\nthe Iron Age (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisenzeit) Tartessos (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tartessos) in
\nsouthern Spain. [12]
\n.
\nBased on the reports of Herodotus (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herodot) and Diodorus (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.or
\ng\/wiki\/Diodor) about a Libyan people named Atlantioi, who are said to have lived on Lake Triton (http:\/\/de.wik
\nipedia.org\/wiki\/Tritonsee) near the Atlas Mountains (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlas-Gebirge), Borchardt
\nFig. 1 In addition to countless popular and borderline
\nscientific as well as ideological\/esoteric publications
\ndealing with Atlantis, there are also a whole series of
\nexplicitly scientific publications, most of which are
\ncovered in this article. Image: Atlantis nach P. Borchardt,
\nin: A. Petermann, Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes’
\nGeographischer Anstalt, Folge 73, 1927
\nand Herrmann suspected a Bronze Age Atlantis at the
\nSchott el Djerid (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schott_el_
\nDscherid) in Tunisia (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunes
\nien) [13]
\n. B\u00e9rard assumed that Atlantis had existed in
\nnorthern Tunisia near Carthage (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/
\nwiki\/Karthago) but before him [14]
\n.
\nGidon suspected a Bronze Age (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/
\nwiki\/Bronzezeit) Atlantis between Ireland (http:\/\/de.wik
\nipedia.org\/wiki\/Irland_(Insel)) and Aremorica (http:\/\/de.
\nwikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aremorica) [15]
\n. However, this part
\nof the continental shelf has (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wik
\ni\/Kontinentalschelf) already sunk in the Mesolithic (htt
\np:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mesolithikum). Zangger
\nequated Troy (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Troja) with
\nAtlantis [16]
\n. His view was critically discussed [17]
\nand
\nrejected [18]
\n. Like the Minoan Knossos (http:\/\/de.wikipe
\ndia.org\/wiki\/Knossos) or Phaistos (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.o
\nrg\/wiki\/Phaidros), Troy does not agree with Plato’s description of Atlantis. Collina-Girard suspected that
\nAtlantis was the Majuan Bank, which during the last ice age had been an island called “Spartel Island” within
\nthe Strait of Gibraltar (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stra%C3%9Fe_von_Gibraltar).
\n[19]
\n. However, this view
\ncannot explain Plato’s description of Athens and the culture of Atlantis.
\nI take the following view [20]
\n. According to Broneer, Plato’s description of Urathen refers to The Late Bronze
\nAge Athens [21]
\n. According to Marinatos, the war of Atlantis against the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean
\nis based on an Egyptian account of the Sea Peoples Wars. The description of the geography and culture of
\nAtlantis refers to the Iron Age Tartessos [22]
\n.
\nMany authors consider Atlantis to be a fiction of Plato [23]
\n. The war refers to the Persian Wars [24]
\n. The
\ndescription of the city of Atlantis is Plato’s knowledge of Syracuse [25]Carthage [26]
\nand Athens [27]
\nborrowed.
\nThe fall of Atlantis is the downfall of the Greek city of Helike (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helike) [28]
\nor the
\nisland of Atalante near Euboea (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eub%C3%B6a) [29]
\nborrowed. Both proponents of
\nthe existence of Atlantis [30]
\nas well as the representatives of a literary fiction [31]
\npointed to the similarities of
\nAtlantis with Sheraia, Homer’s island of the Phaeacians.
\nTo two of the best-known Atlantis localizations exist in the scientific literature only counter-statements, namely
\nto the Helgoland localization [32]
\nand bimini (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bimini_(Bahamas)) localization [33]
\n.
\nContinuation:
\nAtlantis in the Scientific Literature – Bibliography
\nAbout the author:
\nDr. Rainer W. K\u00fchne, born in 1970, holds a doctorate in physics. He is (co-)author of fourteen scientific physics
\ntreatises. In Atlantisforschung.de you will find R.W. K\u00fchne’s Atlantis thesis under: “Atlantis at C\u00e1diz – at the
\nBronze Age”; Contact the author: E-MAIL kuehne70@gmx.de
\nNotes and sources
\nFig. 2 Less in the field of science than in that of political
\nesotericism were the writings of A.L. Herrmann, who
\nsuspected an Aryan-Frisian Atlantis in Tunisia. Image:
\nAtlantis reconstruction on the cover of Herrmann’s “Our
\nAncestors and Atlantis” (1934)
\nThis article by Dr. Rainer W. K\u00fchne (\u00a9) – 09.04.2004 – was first published online at Mysteria 3000; it is
\npublished by Atlantisforschung.de in an editorially edited and illustrated version.
\nFu\u00dfnoten:
\nBild-Quellen:
\n1) A. Petermann, Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes’ Geographischer Anstalt, Folge 73
\n2) A.L. Herrmann, “Unsere Ahnen und Atlantis” (1934); nach: Atlantis – onderzoek naar mogelijke
\nlocaties (http:\/\/home.planet.nl\/~zeven230\/geo.1.atlantis.htm), unter: Atlantis in Afrika (http:\/\/home.plane
\nt.nl\/~zeven230\/geo.7.atlantis.htm) (Bild-Adresse (http:\/\/www.kunstgeografie.nl\/atl.a.hermann.atlantis.jp
\ng))
\n1. Mitchell 1877; de Folin 1892; Mortillet 1897; Verneau 1898; Scharff 1903; Scharff 1909; Wilckens 1913;
\nTermier 1913; Germain 1913; Termier 1915; Babcock 1917; Matthew 1920; Germain 1924a; Germain
\n1924b; Germain 1924c.
\n2. Mitchell 1877.
\n3. Termier 1913; Termier 1915.
\n4. Scharff 1903; Scharff 1909.
\n5. de Folin 1892.
\n6. Verneau 1898.
\n7. Babcock 1917.
\n8. Schuchert 1917a; Schuchert 1917b; Schuller 1917; Kukal 1984.
\n9. Frost 1913; Leaf 1915; Balch 1917; Marinatos 1950; Brandenstein 1951; Andrews 1967.
\n10. Marinatos 1950.
\n11. Galanopoulos 1960.
\n12. Jessen 1925; Hennig 1925; Hennig 1927; Schulten 1927; Schulten 1939.
\n13. Borchardt 1927a; Borchardt 1927b; Herrmann 1927.
\n14. B\u00e9rard 1929.
\n15. Gidon 1934.
\n16. Zangger 1993.
\n17. Renfrew 1992.
\n18. Bloedow 1994.
\n19. Collina-Girard 2001; Collina-Girard 2002; Collina-Girard 2003.
\n20. K\u00fchne 2004.
\n21. Broneer 1939.
\n22. Jessen 1925; Hennig 1925; Hennig 1927; Schulten 1927; Schulten 1939.
\n23. Kluge 1910; Rudberg 1917; Robert 1917; Herter 1928; Taylor 1928; Taylor 1929; Heidel 1933; Herter
\n1944; Hackforth 1944; Pallottino 1952; Corbato 1953; Rosenmeyer 1956; Vidal-Naquet 1964; Schott
\n1967; Vitaliano 1971; Rexine 1975; Gill 1977; Remage 1978; Gill 1979; Forsyth 1980; Dombrowski
\n1981; Dusanic 1982; Giovannini 1985; Szlezak 1993.
\n24. Taylor 1928; Pallottino 1952.
\n25. Rudberg 1917; Corbato 1953.
\n26. Pallottino 1952; Corbato 1953.
\n27. Vidal-Naquet 1964; Dusanic 1982.
\n28. Taylor 1928; Herter 1944; Giovannini 1985.
\n29. Forsyth 1980.
\n30. Leaf 1915.
\n31. Kluge 1910; Vidal-Naquet 1964; Gill 1979.
\n32. Schott 1967.
\n33. Harrison 1971; Tarling 1978; McKusick 1980; Smith 1985.
\nAbgerufen von \u201ehttps:\/\/atlantisforschung.de\/index.php?
\ntitle=Atlantis_in_der_wissenschaftlichen_Literatur&oldid=44889<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Atlantis in the scientific literature by Dr. Rainer W. K\u00fchne The subject of Atlantis is mainly known through popular scientific, pseudo-scientific and esoteric writings (http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esoterisch). This one-sided perception has often led to the view that dealing with Atlantis is unscientific. However, there is an extensive scientific literature on the subject. In this post, I create […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5322],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53322"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53323,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53322\/revisions\/53323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlantipedia.ie\/samples\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}