Bernal, Martin
Martin Bernal (1937-2013) is best known as the author of Black Athena[0788], a controversial three volume work that investigates African influences on Classical Greek civilisation. In Volume II(a) he touches on the subject of Atlantis[p.295] conceding that there may be some historical facts underlying the story, while maintaining a sceptical view regarding the acceptance of the narrative in its entirety. Bernal discusses the possible connection between the Minoan civilisation and the story of Atlantis. One point which surprised me was that Bernal insists that Plato uses the word ‘pelagos’ to mean ocean when referring to the Atlantic ‘Sea’, which is clearly incorrect, because although the word was always used to describe a large body of water, the Greek word ‘okeanos’ referred exclusively to the ocean outside the Mediterranean that was believed to encircle the known world. This detail takes on greater importance when seeking to identify both the location of the Pillars of Heracles and Atlantis itself.