Phocion Négris (1846-1928) was born in Athens but was educated in Paris where he spent 21 years. He qualified as a mining engineer and obtained a degree in mathematical science. On his return to Greece he became involved in politics and eventually served two terms as Minister for Finance. Négris propounded the idea that Atlantis had been destroyed by glacial ice^[486][487]. In 1904 he published, in French, a volume on ancient underwater ruins^[686], which was republished in 1980. Négris’ 1905 French translation of Critias was combined by Lewis Spence with that of Jolibois to provide a composite translation in The History of Atlantis.